Built-in Functions
| Command | Definition |
| abs() | Return the absolute value of a number |
| accept() | Accept a socket connection |
| acos() | Return the arcosine of the argument |
| args() | Returns an array containing the calling application command line arguments. |
| asctime() | Returns the formatted date/time of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC |
| asin() | Returns the arcsine of sine, that is, the length in radians of the arc. |
| assert() | Exits the program immediately with a non-zero status if `expr` is `false` optionally displaying `msg` to standard error. |
| atan() | returns the arctangent of tangent |
| base64dec() | Returns the base64 decoded output |
| base64enc() | Returns the base64 encoded output of the given string |
| basename() | Returns the last element of path. |
| bin() | Returns the binary equivalent of a given number. |
| bind() | Connect to a socket file descriptor using host:port |
| bool() | Converts the given value to a boolean.. |
| cat() | Returns the contents of file filename as a single string. |
| cd() | Move to a different directory. |
| checkip() | Checks the given IP address is valid |
| chmod() | Change the access permissions of the named file. |
| chown() | Change the numeric uid and gid of the named file. |
| chr() | Returns the ASCII character of the given integer. |
| cos() | returns the cosine of radians. The output range for the cos() function is -1 ≤ cos() ≤ 1. |
| count() | Return the number of elements with the specified value. |
| cp() | Copies a file to another named file or destination. |
| cumulative() | Returns an array by increasing by one element after another, and including all the amounts that have been added before. |
| cut() | Returns the text before and after the given separator. |
| date() | Returns the current date and time as a 24-character string. |
| delete() | Remove the designated key and it’s content from the named hash. |
| difference() | Return the list of elements that are unique to a specified array. |
| dirpath() | Return the list of elements that are unique to a specified array. |
| exit() | Exit script immediately with a given status. |
| extend() | Adds the specified list elements to the end of the first named list. |
| fields() | Returns an array of a string split around one or more consecutive white spaces. |
| file() | Returns information about a file. |
| first() | Return the first element of an array. |
| float() | Returns a string or integer as a floating point number. |
| getegid() | Returns the numeric effective group id of the calling process. |
| getenv() | Returns the value of the named environment variable. |
| geteuid() | Returns the numeric effective user id of the caller. |
| getgid() | Returns the numeric group id of the calling process. |
| getpid() | Returns the process id of the running program. |
| getppid() | Returns the process id of the running program’s parent process. |
| getuid() | Returns the numeric user id of the running process. |
| getwd() | Returns a rooted path name corresponding to the current directory. |
| glob() | Returns an array of file names matching the glob pattern. |
| hasprefix() | Tests whether a string begins with the chosen prefix. |
| hassuffix() | Tests whether the string ends with suffix. |
| hex() | Returns the hexadecimal version of a decimal number. |
| hostname() | Returns the host name of the computer. |
| include() | Inserts the contents of another file into the source code |
| index() | Returns the position in a string or array at which search string begins. |
| input() | Return result of a string entered by keyboard. |
| insert() | Returns the result of inserting the specified value at the specified position of an array. |
| int() | Returns a string or floating point number as an integer. |
| ipincidr() | Returns the IP address if it belongs in a CIDR block. |
| issorted() | Checks if an array is already sorted. |
| join() | Returns a string created from a concatenated array and separator. |
| keys() | Returns an array of hash keys. |
| kill() | Terminate a given process. |
| last() | Returns the last element of an array. |
| len() | Return the length of a string, hash, or array. |
| ltrim() | Returns a string with all leading characters contained in cutset removed. |
| match() | Returns a string holding the text of the leftmost match of the regular expression. |
| mkdir() | Create a directory. |
| mkdirhier() | Create a directory and any parent directory. |
| oct() | Returns the octal equivalent of a decimal number. |
| ord() | Returns the ASCII value of a given character. |
| pop() | Removes and returns the element from the end of the array. |
| print() | Prints text to the current console/terminal. |
| printf() | Formats according to a format specifier and writes to standard output. |
| println() | Prints text to the current console/terminal. |
| push() | Returns an array with the appended value. |
| random() | Returns a pseudo-random integer. |
| range() | Returns a sequence of numbers. |
| readpw() | Returns non-echoed keyboard input. |
| regexp() | Returns an array of matched lines from a file. |
| repeat() | Returns a new string consisting of n copies of the string. |
| replace() | Returns a copy of the string s with the first n non-overlapping instances of old replaced by new. |
| replaceall() | Returns a copy of the string s with all non-overlapping instances of old replaced by new. |
| reverse() | Returns the reversed contents of an array or string. |
| rtrim() | Returns a string with all trailing characters contained in cutset removed. |
| set() | Return hash or array with modified/added key/pair, or array index. |
| setenv() | Sets the value of the environment variable named by the key. |
| shift() | Returns a new array with the first element of `array` removed.. |
| shuffle() | Returns a new array with the elements in a random order. |
| sin() | Returns the sine of a number. |
| sinh() | Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number. |
| sleep() | Pauses the application for the stated duration. |
| socket() | Returns a file descriptor of a socket awaiting configuration. |
| sort() | Returns a new array with data in ascending order. |
| sortips() | Returns an array of IP address in ascending order. |
| split() | Splits a string into an array. |
| splithostport() | Splits a string of host:port values into an array |
| sprintf() | Formats according to a format specifier and returns the result. |
| string() | Returns any data type as a string. |
| substr() | Returns a substring of a given string indicated by the starting position and the substring length. |
| sum() | Returns a number, the sum of all items in an array. |
| swap() | Returns a new array, with the values of the given indexes swapped. |
| syslog() | Simple interface to the system log service. |
| system() | Returns the output of a system command as a string. |
| tan() | Returns the tangent of the radian argument. |
| tanh() | Returns the hyperbolic tangent of the argument. |
| time() | Returns the number of seconds since 00:00:00 GMT January 1, 1970. |
| tmpnam() | Creates a new temporary file. |
| tolower() | Returns a string where all characters are lower case. |
| toupper() | Returns a string where all characters are upper case. |
| touch() | Updates the modification time of a given file. |
| trim() | Returns a string with all leading and trailing characters contained in cutset removed. |
| trimprefix() | Returns a string with the stated prefix removed. |
| trimsuffix() | Returns a strings with the stated suffix removed. |
| type() | Returns the data type of the given value. |
| ucount() | Returns a hash containing a count of unique elements in an array |
| union() | Returns a set that contains all items from the original array, and all items from the specified array(s). |
| uniq() | Returns an array with all duplicates removed. |
| unlink() | Removes the named file or empty directory. |
| unsetenv() | Unsets a single environment variable. |
| whoami() | Returns the username (login name) of the user that is running the current process. | zip() | Returns a new array using combined elements of named arrays. |